SMB Automation Glossary

Automation

Systematic replacement of manual, repetitive data movement or decision steps with orchestrated software workflows executing deterministically or with bounded AI assistance.

Workflow

Ordered sequence of triggers, transforms, decisions, and outputs that achieves a repeatable business result.

Orchestration Platform

Tool (e.g., Make, Zapier, n8n, Power Automate) that chains app actions via triggers, conditions, data transforms, and error handling.

iPaaS

Integration Platform as a Service: cloud environment for connecting disparate SaaS/DB endpoints using low/no‑code components.

Trigger

Event (webhook, schedule, poll, manual) that initiates a workflow execution.

Webhook

Push callback from a source app to a destination URL delivering event data in real time.

Polling

Scheduled retrieval of data to detect changes when push events are unavailable.

API

Programmatic interface exposing structured operations on an application’s data or functionality.

SDK

Software development toolkit providing packaged methods for interacting with an API or platform.

RPA

Robotic Process Automation: UI‑level scripting that emulates human clicks/keystrokes for systems lacking robust APIs.

BPM

Business Process Management: discipline and tooling for modeling, optimizing, and governing end‑to‑end processes.

ETL

Extract, Transform, Load: move and reshape data before landing in a target store (often for analytics).

ELT

Extract, Load, Transform: land raw data first (warehouse) then transform in‑place for flexibility and speed.

Data Warehouse

Central analytical store (e.g., BigQuery, Snowflake) aggregating structured data for BI, reporting, and AI retrieval.

Reverse ETL

Operational sync pushing modeled analytics data back into SaaS apps for activation.

CRM

Customer Relationship Management system storing contacts, companies, deals, and related engagement history.

ERP

Enterprise Resource Planning system integrating finance, inventory, procurement, and sometimes HR modules.

LLM

Large Language Model: probabilistic model that generates or transforms text conditioned on prompts and context.

Prompt

Structured input (instructions + context + constraints) provided to an LLM to elicit a desired output.

Prompt Template

Parameterized prompt pattern with variable slots for dynamic data insertion ensuring consistent LLM behavior.

Embeddings

Numeric vector representations capturing semantic meaning of text for similarity search and retrieval.

Vector Database

Store optimized for similarity search over embeddings (e.g., Pinecone, Weaviate) supporting RAG pipelines.

RAG

Retrieval‑Augmented Generation: fetch relevant documents (via embeddings) and inject into LLM prompt to ground outputs.

Agent

Looping system that selects actions/tools iteratively toward a goal using LLM reasoning and tool feedback.

AI Integration Level

Classification (0–5) describing depth of AI usage from none to agentic multi‑tool autonomy.

Human‑in‑the‑Loop

Design pattern inserting human review, approval, or correction steps within an automated chain.

Event Bus

Central messaging backbone distributing events to multiple consumer workflows, decoupling producers and consumers.

Data Enrichment

Augmenting a core record with external or derived attributes (firmographics, sentiment, classification).

Deduplication

Detection and consolidation of duplicate records to maintain single source of truth.

Normalization

Standardizing data formats (e.g., country codes, casing, date formats) for consistent downstream processing.

Data Quality Gate

Step enforcing validation, enrichment, or cleansing before a record advances in a workflow.

Secrets Management

Controlled storage and rotation of credentials/API keys to minimize exposure risk.

Credential Rotation

Periodic replacement of access keys/tokens to reduce window of compromise.

Version Control (Workflows)

Tracking, diffing, and rolling back workflow definitions (exports/JSON) as managed artifacts.

Observability

Holistic insight via logs, metrics, traces enabling rapid diagnosis of workflow behavior.

Logging

Persistent structured records of events, inputs, outputs, and errors for auditing and debugging.

Monitoring

Continuous measurement against thresholds (latency, failures) triggering alerts on anomalies.

Retry Strategy

Automated re‑execution logic with back‑off to recover transient failures without manual intervention.

Idempotency

Property ensuring repeated execution of an operation yields a single consistent effect.

Rate Limiting

API‑imposed cap on request frequency to protect service resources; exceeding triggers throttling or errors.

Fallback

Alternate action or data source invoked when primary step fails or confidence is low.

Governance

Policies and controls overseeing workflow lifecycle, access, compliance, and risk management.

Data Classification

Categorizing data by sensitivity (e.g., public, internal, confidential, regulated) to enforce handling rules.

PII

Personally Identifiable Information: data that can uniquely identify an individual and requires regulated handling.

KPI

Key Performance Indicator: quantifiable metric tracking progress toward an operational objective.

ROI

Return on Investment: (Net Benefit − Cost) ÷ Cost, used to evaluate automation impact.

Payback Period

Time required for cumulative benefits to recover the initial automation investment.

Value Lever

Primary axis of impact: cost avoidance, revenue acceleration, cycle‑time compression, risk reduction, insight generation.

Lead Scoring

Assigning numeric priority to leads based on attributes and behavioral signals for focused follow‑up.

Hallucination

LLM output that is fluent but factually unsupported or incorrect relative to provided context.

Confidence Threshold

Minimum model score or rule condition required before auto‑executing next step without human review.

Exception Path

Alternate branch invoked when data, validation, or confidence criteria fail, enabling controlled handling.

Latency

Elapsed time between trigger occurrence and workflow completion or output delivery.